What causes multiple myeloma? It's a great question, and while researchers don't have all the answers yet, here's what is known.
Myeloma starts when plasma cells (a type of white blood cell in the bone marrow) develop genetic mutations — changes in their DNA that cause them to grow out of control. It's not just one Show Full Answer
What causes multiple myeloma? It's a great question, and while researchers don't have all the answers yet, here's what is known.
Myeloma starts when plasma cells (a type of white blood cell in the bone marrow) develop genetic mutations — changes in their DNA that cause them to grow out of control. It's not just one mutation, but a buildup of several over time. These mutations can be triggered by a mix of factors, including:
- Environmental exposures — radiation, certain chemicals like pesticides or benzene, and cigarette smoke
- Age — risk increases significantly after 65, as mutations accumulate over a lifetime
- Inherited genetics — while rare, having a close family member with myeloma can raise your risk
- Race — Black Americans are more than twice as likely to develop myeloma, though the exact reasons are still being studied
- Obesity — particularly linked to progression from an early stage called MGUS to full myeloma Most cases appear to develop from a combination of environmental and genetic factors rather than one single cause. The average lifetime risk for someone in the U.S. is about 0.8%, but individual risk varies based on the factors above.
It's always worth discussing your personal risk factors with your healthcare team — they can give guidance tailored to your specific situation.
April 27
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