Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precancerous condition that falls between MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance) and active multiple myeloma. It's sometimes called asymptomatic myeloma because it doesn't cause any symptoms you can feel.
SMM affects plasma cells, which are white blood cells that Show Full Answer
Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precancerous condition that falls between MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance) and active multiple myeloma. It's sometimes called asymptomatic myeloma because it doesn't cause any symptoms you can feel.
SMM affects plasma cells, which are white blood cells that normally make antibodies to fight infection. In SMM, you have too many abnormal plasma cells that produce high levels of a protein called M protein (monoclonal protein).
The key difference from active myeloma is that SMM doesn't cause organ damage or symptoms like bone pain, kidney problems, or anemia. However, it does show signs of disease that can be measured through blood tests and bone marrow samples.
People with SMM have higher levels of plasma cells and M protein than those with MGUS, but lower levels than those with full-blown multiple myeloma. It's considered an intermediate stage between these two conditions. The risk of SMM progressing to active multiple myeloma changes over time:
- First 5 years: About 10% chance per year
- Years 5-10: About 3% chance per year
- After 10 years: About 1% chance per year
Certain factors can increase progression risk, including high plasma cell counts, high M protein levels, specific gene changes, and bone lesions visible on X-rays.
Because of these risks, many doctors now recommend early treatment for high-risk SMM cases rather than just watchful waiting. Regular monitoring with blood tests and follow-up visits is essential to catch any progression early.
April 7
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