What is smoldering myeloma and how does it differ from active myeloma?
Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precancerous condition where you have abnormal plasma cells and elevated M protein levels, but without any symptoms or organ damage. It's sometimes called asymptomatic myeloma because you don't feel sick.
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What is smoldering myeloma and how does it differ from active myeloma?
Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precancerous condition where you have abnormal plasma cells and elevated M protein levels, but without any symptoms or organ damage. It's sometimes called asymptomatic myeloma because you don't feel sick.
The key differences between SMM and active myeloma include:
Smoldering Myeloma:
* No symptoms like bone pain, fatigue, or nausea
* No organ damage (kidneys, bones, blood counts are normal)
* Elevated plasma cells and M protein detected through testing
* Monitored regularly but may not require immediate treatment
Active Multiple Myeloma:
* Causes noticeable symptoms such as bone pain, tiredness, or trouble thinking
* Shows signs of organ damage including high calcium levels, kidney problems, anemia, or bone lesions
* Requires treatment with medications like chemotherapy, stem cell transplants, or other therapies
SMM has a higher risk of progressing to active myeloma, especially in the first five years after diagnosis (about 10% per year). This risk decreases over time to about 3% per year during years 5-10, and 1% per year after that.
Some people with high-risk SMM may benefit from early treatment to delay or prevent progression to active myeloma.
December 4, 2025
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